\u017diemos \u012ftaka \u017eiemken\u010diams ir pikt\u017eol\u0117ms<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nPasak A. Kele\u010diaus, vasario viduryje ap\u017ei\u016br\u0117ti mokomojo \u016bkio \u017eiemini\u0173 kvie\u010di\u0173 plotai nuteik\u0117 optimisti\u0161kai. Nors \u0161altasis periodas buvo trumpas, staigus at\u0161alimas pad\u0117jo suvaldyti vasarines pikt\u017eoles, kurios d\u0117l ankstyvo augimo jau buvo sudygusios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201ePagaliau sulauktas \u0161altis i\u0161gelb\u0117jo m\u016bs\u0173 kvie\u010dius. Naktimis temperat\u016bra siek\u0117 iki -10 \u00b0C, o tai pakako, kad pikt\u017eol\u0117s nunykt\u0173, bet pas\u0117liai i\u0161likt\u0173 gyvybingi\u201c, \u2013 teig\u0117 specialistas. Jis taip pat pabr\u0117\u017e\u0117, kad plona sniego danga neleido kenk\u0117jams ir ligoms s\u0117kmingai per\u017eiemoti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kita vertus geras \u0161altukas padeda \u016bkininkui i\u0161spr\u0119sti ankstesnio derliaus pabir\u0173 problem\u0105. Apie tai u\u017esimin\u0117 ir A. Kele\u010dius, mat mokomojo \u016bkio lauke, kur pernai augo avi\u017eos, ruden\u012f buvo pas\u0117ti kvie\u010diai. \u201eTiek avi\u017eos, tiek pupos yra kantrios, tod\u0117l, \u012f j\u0173 viet\u0105 pas\u0117jus \u017eiemken\u010di\u0173, po \u0161iltos \u017eiemos galima sulaukti kult\u016br\u0173 mi\u0161inio, \u2013 persp\u0117jo jis. \u2013 Svars\u010diau, kad pas\u0117j\u0119 \u017eiemini\u0173 kvie\u010di\u0173 ir \u017eiem\u0105 nesulauk\u0119 bent \u20138 \u00b0C, tur\u0117sime problem\u0173, nes \u0161ilt\u0105 \u017eiem\u0105 sudygusios ir \u017eiemken\u010dius praaugusios vasarin\u0117s kult\u016bros nei\u0161\u0161als ir pavasar\u012f ekologin\u0117mis ak\u0117\u010diomis jau nepavyks i\u0161ak\u0117ti. Tad tur\u0117sime \u201ekvietavi\u017e\u0173\u201c lauk\u0105.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u017dinoma, tai kvie\u010di\u0173 ir avi\u017e\u0173 mi\u0161inys vertingas produktas, tikrai vertinamas \u017ealiavalgi\u0173, ta\u010diau didesn\u012f kiek\u012f naudingai parduoti nepavykt\u0173. Pasak pa\u0161nekovo, pirk\u0117jai tikisi gauti nemai\u0161yt\u0173 gr\u016bd\u0173, kad gal\u0117t\u0173 sumai\u0161yti jiems reikalingu santykiu. Be to, kai kult\u016bros sumi\u0161usios, labai sud\u0117tinga nuimti derli\u0173, nes subr\u0119sta skirtingu laiku, prid\u016br\u0117 specialistas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kenk\u0117j\u0173 populiacijos poky\u010diai<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nBene daugiausia nerimo ekologini\u0173 augalininkyst\u0117s \u016bki\u0173 savininkams \u0161ilta \u017eiema kelia d\u0117l palanki\u0173 s\u0105lyg\u0173 kenk\u0117jams per\u017eiemoti. Gr\u016bdin\u0117ms ir ank\u0161tin\u0117ms kult\u016broms, rapsams pavojingi vabzd\u017eiai neblogai prisitaiko ir prie \u0161altos \u017eiemos, jeigu \u017eem\u0119 u\u017ekloja stora sniego danga. Bet \u0161i\u0173me\u010diai orai, kai termometro stulpelis beveik vis\u0105 \u017eiem\u0105 nenusileido \u017eemiau 0 \u00b0C, \u017eemdirbius jau var\u0117 \u012f nevilt\u012f. Lengviau atsidusti buvo galima tik vasar\u012f u\u017e\u0117jus \u017eiemi\u0161kiems \u0161al\u010diams. \u201ePer \u0161ias ma\u017edaug dvi savaites tik\u0117tina nema\u017eai kenk\u0117j\u0173 i\u0161\u0161alo. \u017dem\u0117s beveik nedeng\u0117 sniegas, tad \u0161al\u010dio poveikis tur\u0117jo b\u016bti dar stipresnis. Vis d\u0117lto galima tik\u0117tis gausesn\u0117s amar\u0173 populiacijos, teks pakovoti ir su tripsais bei ank\u0161tini\u0173 kult\u016br\u0173 vaisgrau\u017eiais\u201c, \u2013 prognozuoja A. Kele\u010dius.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Neretai manoma, kad kuo stipresnis \u0161altis, tuo ma\u017eiau vabal\u0173 per\u017eiemoja. Pa\u0161nekovo nuomone, tai ne visai tiesa. \u201eKai \u0161altis nedidelis, vabzd\u017eiai reaguoja \u012f temperat\u016br\u0105, tampa aktyvesni ir, jeigu staiga at\u0161\u0105la, jie b\u016bna ma\u017eiau atspar\u016bs, labiau pa\u017eeid\u017eiami. Tod\u0117l didel\u0117 tikimyb\u0117, kad \u0161i\u0105 \u017eiem\u0105, nors didesn\u0117 jos dalis buvo i\u0161 ties\u0173 ne\u012fprastai \u0161ilta, daug kenk\u0117j\u0173 i\u0161\u0161alo\u201c, \u2013 svarsto Vilkijos mokomojo \u016bkio vadovas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kova su kenk\u0117jais ekologiniuose \u016bkiuose, kur visi\u0161kai atsisakoma chemini\u0173 produkt\u0173, paprastai gerokai sud\u0117tingesn\u0117 ir ne tokia s\u0117kminga, kaip cheminius insekticidus naudojan\u010diuose tradiciniuose \u016bkiuose. Dalis ekologi\u0161kai \u016bkininkaujan\u010di\u0173 augintoj\u0173 net pafilosofuoja, kad u\u017eaugintu g\u0117riu vienaip ar kitaip teks pasidalinti ir su \u0161alia gyvenan\u010diais gyviais. Tad belieka pasitelkti biologinius su kenk\u0117jais metodus: augal\u0173 s\u0117jomain\u0105, \u012fs\u0117lius, vabzd\u017eius atbaidan\u010di\u0173 augal\u0173 \u012fterpim\u0105. \u0160ioje kovoje pagelb\u0117ti gali ir ankstinama arba v\u0117linama kult\u016brini\u0173 augal\u0173 s\u0117ja, taip pat mi\u0161ri\u0173 kult\u016br\u0173 s\u0117ja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kaip pavyzd\u012f specialistas \u012fvardijo kvie\u010di\u0173 laukuose s\u0117jamas garsty\u010dias, kurios ne tik praturtina dirvo\u017eem\u012f, bet ir atbaido kai kuriuos kenk\u0117jus. Tik derinant skirtingas kult\u016bras, svarbu atsi\u017evelgti \u012f joms b\u016bding\u0105 auk\u0161t\u012f, kad viena kitos nestelbt\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eApskritai garsty\u010dios ekologi\u0161kai \u016bkininkaujant yra itin vertingos. Jos tinka ir kaip tarpinis augalas arba \u017ealiasis p\u016bdymas, ne tik kovoja su kenk\u0117jais, bet nustelbia pikt\u017eoles, \u2013 apie augalo privalumus pasakojo \u017eem\u0117s \u016bkio specialistas. \u2013 J\u0173 gr\u016bdeliai gerokai ma\u017eesni nei kvie\u010di\u0173, tod\u0117l, valant nuimt\u0105 derli\u0173, nesunku atskirti.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vasariniams javams puikiai tinka ir dobilai. Nu\u0117m\u0119s varpini\u0173 kult\u016br\u0173 derli\u0173, \u016bkininkas v\u0117liau sulauks ir dobil\u0173 derliaus, nes j\u0173 s\u0117klos subr\u0119sta v\u0117liau. \u201eNusprendus dobilus palikti lauke antriems metams, galima nuimti \u017eol\u0119, o kitais metais subrandinti ir nukulti s\u0117klas, o liekanas \u012fterpti \u012f dirv\u0105. \u0160aknyse kaupdami azot\u0105 dobilai praturtina dirv\u0105, leid\u017eia jai atsigauti po jav\u0173 auginimo\u201c, \u2013 apie papildom\u0105 \u0161i\u0173 augal\u0173 naud\u0105 pasakojo pa\u0161nekovas, atkreipdamas d\u0117mes\u012f \u012f tai, kad \u0161ias technologijas ekologiniai \u016bkiai tur\u0117t\u0173 taikyti vietoje insekticid\u0173, pesticid\u0173 ir chemini\u0173 tr\u0105\u0161\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dirvo\u017eemio kokyb\u0117s gerinimas<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nSvarb\u0173 vaidmen\u012f dirvo\u017eemio kokybei turi \u0161altis, nes formuoja dirvo\u017eemio strukt\u016br\u0105. \u201eRuden\u012f \u017eem\u0117 \u0161iek tiek susmenga, tampa kietesn\u0117, ypa\u010d sunkesn\u0117, tad pavasar\u012f sunkiai d\u017ei\u016bsta ir l\u0117\u010diau \u012f\u0161yla. Kita vertus, nejudinama dirva pavasar\u012f gali pernelyg i\u0161d\u017ei\u016bti ir tapti kieta it plyta. To galima i\u0161vengti, jeigu \u017eiem\u0105 \u017eem\u0117je laikosi \u012f\u0161alas. \u0160altis dirv\u0105 ardo, purena, tod\u0117l pavasar\u012f \u012f j\u0105 patenka daugiau oro, dr\u0117gm\u0117 ne i\u0161garuoja, bet skverbiasi gilyn ir leid\u017eia augalams optimaliai vystytis\u201c, \u2013 paai\u0161kino A. Kele\u010dius.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ekologiniuose \u016bkiuose dirvo\u017eemis gerinamas ir biologin\u0117mis priemon\u0117mis \u2013 \u012fterpiant augal\u0173 liekanas, naudojant mikroorganizm\u0173 preparatus bei taikant tinkam\u0105 s\u0117jomain\u0105. Pavyzd\u017eiui, dobil\u0173 \u012fs\u0117lis ne tik papildo dirv\u0105 azotu, bet ir padeda palaikyti jos biologin\u012f aktyvum\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Visada naudinga nu\u0117mus derli\u0173 susmulkintas augal\u0173 liekanas \u012fterpti \u012f \u017eem\u0119, o kad geriau vykt\u0173 biodegradacijos procesas, verta panaudoti biologini\u0173 pried\u0173. Vilkijos mokomojo \u016bkio vadovas persp\u0117ja, kad renkantis \u0161iuos priedus svarbu atkreipti d\u0117mes\u012f \u012f j\u0173 kokyb\u0119: \u201eAplinkai jautr\u016bs biologiniai produktai turi b\u016bti gaminami grie\u017etai laikantis technologij\u0173. Jeigu bakterijos d\u0117l \u0161al\u010dio ar per auk\u0161tos temperat\u016bros \u017e\u016bsta, produktas tampa neveiksmingas. Kai kurie \u016bkininkai saugodami, kad ultravioletiniai spinduliai nesunaikint\u0173 mikroorganizm\u0173, barsto arba pur\u0161kia biologinius priedus ant augal\u0173 liekan\u0173 ir i\u0161 karto l\u0117k\u0161tiniais skutikais \u012fterpia \u012f \u017eem\u0119. Gaunasi savoti\u0161kas mul\u010davimo efektas.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Paprastai tokie darbai atliekami ruden\u012f. Baigiantis \u017eiemai aktualu, kaip pagerinti dirvo\u017eemio b\u016bkl\u0119 pavasar\u012f. Specialistas patar\u0117, kai tik jau bus galima \u012fva\u017eiuoti \u012f laukus, \u201epakilnoti\u201c dirv\u0105, \u012fleisti oro, kad ji i\u0161saugot\u0173 daugiau dr\u0117gm\u0117s. \u012e toki\u0105 dirv\u0105 \u012fbertos s\u0117klos lengviau ir grei\u010diau sudygs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eVis tik kad ir kaip planuotume, kaip sakau, palaiminti tie \u016bkininkai, kurie turi nuojaut\u0105. Jeigu ne laiku prad\u0117si ka\u017ek\u0105 daryti, tarkime, per anksti judinti dirvo\u017eem\u012f, gali pridaryti tiek grumst\u0173, kad ir daug kart\u0173 purendamas \u017eem\u0119 gero rezultato nepasieks,\u2013 tvirtina A. Kele\u010dius, pridurdamas, kad augalininkyste u\u017esiimantis \u016bkininkas visada turi b\u016bti pasireng\u0119s keisti planus, i\u0161 anksto reikia tur\u0117ti plan\u0105 \u201eB\u201c. \u2013 Na ir, \u017einoma, modernios technikos.\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kauno technologij\u0173 mokymo centro informacija<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0160i\u0173met\u0117 \u017eiema buvo ne\u012fprastai \u0161ilta, ta\u010diau vasario m\u0117nes\u012f Lietuv\u0105 pasiek\u0119 \u0161al\u010diai ekologi\u0161kai \u016bkininkaujantiems \u016bkininkams suteik\u0117 vilties, kad augalai s\u0117kmingai per\u017eiemos, o pikt\u017eoles ir kenk\u0117jus pavyks suvaldyti nat\u016braliai. Vis tik nerimas lieka \u2013 ko tik\u0117tis greit\u0117jant klimato poky\u010diams, kasmet sulaukiant vis \u0161iltesni\u0173 \u017eiem\u0173? Kauno technologij\u0173 mokymo centro Vilkijos skyriaus mokomojo \u016bkio vadovas Arvydas Kele\u010dius pasidalijo savo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":451,"featured_media":21723,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[504],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21721","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zemes-ukis-lietuvoje"],"yoast_head":"\n
Gamtos i\u0161\u0161\u016bkis \u016bkininkams: kaip \u0161ilta \u017eiema paveik\u0117 ekologinius \u016bkius? - Zelbukis<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0160i\u0173met\u0117 \u017eiema buvo ne\u012fprastai \u0161ilta, ta\u010diau vasario m\u0117nes\u012f Lietuv\u0105 pasiek\u0119 \u0161al\u010diai ekologi\u0161kai \u016bkininkaujantiems \u016bkininkams suteik\u0117 vilties, kad augalai s\u0117kmingai per\u017eiemos, o pikt\u017eoles ir kenk\u0117jus pavyks suvaldyti nat\u016braliai. Vis tik nerimas lieka \u2013 ko tik\u0117tis greit\u0117jant klimato poky\u010diams, kasmet sulaukiant vis \u0161iltesni\u0173 \u017eiem\u0173? 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Vis tik nerimas lieka \u2013 ko tik\u0117tis greit\u0117jant klimato poky\u010diams, kasmet sulaukiant vis \u0161iltesni\u0173 \u017eiem\u0173? 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